What does 'data integrity' refer to?

Data integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of stored data throughout its lifecycle. It ensures that the data remains correct, reliable, and usable over time, meaning that it is not altered or corrupted during storage, processing, or transmission. Maintaining data integrity involves regular checks and validation processes to confirm that no unauthorized changes have occurred and that the information remains trustworthy.

The concept is crucial in various fields, particularly in databases, as it directly impacts the quality of information available for decision-making. Ensuring data integrity means that users can depend on the data for analysis, reporting, and other operational processes. Without integrity, data can become misleading or unusable, leading to poor decision-making and negative consequences for organizations.

For example, if financial records in a database are modified or corrupted, the company's financial reporting may be severely impacted, resulting in inaccurate financial statements. Hence, ensuring data integrity is a fundamental aspect of data management practices.