What type of data collection method involves direct observation of users?

The correct answer is observation, as this method specifically entails the direct monitoring of users in their environment. Through observation, researchers gain insights into user behaviors, interactions, and workflows without interference. This approach enables a deeper understanding of how users engage with processes or systems in real-time, allowing for the collection of qualitative data that may not be captured through self-reported methods.

Other methods such as surveys and interviews rely on participants to provide information based on their self-perceptions or recall, which can sometimes lead to biases or inaccuracies. A case study, while it could involve observation as part of its methodology, typically focuses on a comprehensive analysis of a particular instance or example, integrating multiple data collection methods rather than solely relying on direct observation. Therefore, observation stands out as the most direct method for data collection in this context.