Which device is an example of input hardware?

The microphone is categorized as an input hardware device because its primary function is to capture sound waves and convert them into electrical signals that a computer or audio system can understand. This process allows the device to input audio data into a system for processing, such as recording or voice recognition. Input hardware, in general, is designed to send data to a computer, and microphones are specifically tailored for capturing audio, which is vital in applications like communication, music production, and voice command systems.

In contrast, the other devices listed—monitor, printer, and speaker—are all output devices. Monitors display visual output from the computer, printers produce physical copies of documents and images, and speakers reproduce audio output. Their primary role is to convey information from the computer to the user, rather than inputting data into a system.